Theories of Management

This theory was advocated by Max Weber . Max Weber      Max Weber  was a German sociologist who argued bureaucracy was the most efficient and rational model private businesses and public offices could operate in. His bureaucratic  theories  influenced generations of business leaders and politicians well into the 20th century. [1]   By  using this approach it is possible to take control over human beings. Its characteristics are: There is the rigidity of official behaviour  There is resistance to the adoption of innovations and change   There is rigidity of rules and regulations  The decision is taken by a hierarchy of officers and officials;   There is the leveling of talent. This system tends to reduce the performance of  bright workers to the level of mediocrity   The consequence is the 'red tape' which is never in the straight line. All feel  entrapped and helpless. https://www.business.com/articles/management-theory-of-max-weber/

This theory was presented by Douglas McGregor . Douglas McGregor      Theory X managers tend to take a pessimistic view of their people, and assume that they are naturally unmotivated and dislike work. As a result, they think that team members need to be prompted, rewarded, or punished constantly to make sure that they complete their tasks. [1] Its basic assumptions are given below: The average human being has an inherent dislike of work  The average human being avoids work if he can Because of the human characteristics of dislike of work, there arises the need for  control and direction of individuals.  The individuals are threatened with punishment  to get them to put forth adequate effort for the achievement of objectives of an  organization. The average human being wants security Theory X can benefit a work place that utilizes an assembly line or manual labor. Using this theory in these types of work conditions allows employees to specialize in particular work areas which in turn a

 This was presented by Douglas McGregor . Douglas McGregor      Theory Y managers have an optimistic, positive opinion of their people, and they use a decentralized, participative management style. This encourages a more collaborative, trust-based relationship between managers and their team members. [1] This style of management assumes that workers are: The average human being does not inherently dislike work Self-control and self-direction are perhaps more powerful means than external control and the threat of punishment for bringing about better results. Self-actualization is the highest level need of the worker The average human being works under proper conditions not only to accept but also to seek responsibility The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is wisely distributed in the management personnel parts.                      It's also viewed by McGregor as superior to Theory X, which he say

This theory was put forward by Elton Mayo . Elton Mayo      Mayo's Management Theory states that employees are motivated far more by relational factors such as attention and camaraderie than by monetary rewards or environmental factors such as lighting, humidity, etc. Elton Mayo developed a matrix which he used to illustrate the likelihood that a given team would be successful. [1]  He was of the view that production depends  on the way people are treated. He focused on five concepts as under.      1. Morale      2. Group dynamics      3. Democratic supervision      4. Personal relations     5. Behavioural concept of Motivation https://www.business.com/articles/management-theory-of-elton-mayo/

This theory was presented by Henri Fayol . Henri Fayol      Henry Fayol's management theory is a simple model of how management interacts with personnel. [1]   He focused his attention on manager rather  than worker. He emphasized the training of the managers for improving die organization. He defined administration in terms of five functions which are: Planning Organizing Commanding Coordinating Controlling Fayol's "14 Principles" was one of the earliest theories of management to be created, and remains one of the most comprehensive. [2] Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management:      1. Division of Labor      2. Authority      3. Discipline      4. Unity of Command      5. Unity of Direction      6. Subordination of Individual to the Common Good      7. Remuneration      8. Centralization      9. The Hierarchy      10. Order      11. Equity      12. Stability of Staff      13. Initiative      14. Esprit de Crops https://www.business.com/articles/management-theory-of-henr

This theory was presented by Frederick F Taylor.  Frederick Winslow Taylor      Frederick Taylor's  scientific management theory , also called the classical management theory, emphasizes efficiency, much like Max Weber's. However, according to Taylor, rather than scolding employees for every minor mistake, employers should reward workers for increased productivity. [1] The principles of this theory are: • All work should be done in limited time. The work done should be measured  accurately. This aims at how a piece of work could be done efficiently. • Management should take the responsibility for planning the work. Workers should  be made to execute the task. • Management should scientifically determine the best methods and should train the  workers accordingly. Management should be trained and should be taught to apply  scientific principles of management and control e.g. in selection and training of  workers.   • Wages should be according to output. • This theory aim